{"id":184455,"date":"2025-05-19T12:37:50","date_gmt":"2025-05-19T15:37:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.radiojai.com\/?p=184455"},"modified":"2025-05-19T12:37:50","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T15:37:50","slug":"egipto-entre-la-paz-firmada-y-los-muros-levantados","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.radiojai.com\/index.php\/2025\/05\/19\/184455\/egipto-entre-la-paz-firmada-y-los-muros-levantados\/","title":{"rendered":"Egipto, entre la paz firmada y los muros levantados"},"content":{"rendered":"

Desde <\/span>que <\/span>Egipto <\/span>se <\/span>convirti\u00f3 <\/span>en <\/span>el <\/span>primer <\/span>pa\u00eds <\/span>\u00e1rabe <\/span>en <\/span>firmar <\/span>un <\/span>tratado <\/span>de <\/span>paz <\/span>con <\/span>Israel <\/span>en <\/span>1979, <\/span>su <\/span>rol <\/span>en <\/span>Medio <\/span>Oriente <\/span>ha <\/span>sido <\/span>tan <\/span>estrat\u00e9gico <\/span>como <\/span>ambiguo. <\/span>El <\/span>costo <\/span>pol\u00edtico <\/span>de <\/span>aquella <\/span>decisi\u00f3n <\/span>fue <\/span>alto: <\/span>el <\/span>aislamiento <\/span>en <\/span>el <\/span>mundo <\/span>\u00e1rabe, <\/span>el <\/span>asesinato <\/span>de <\/span>Anwar <\/span>el-<\/span>Sadat <\/span>y <\/span>un <\/span>largo <\/span>per\u00edodo <\/span>de <\/span>reconstrucci\u00f3n <\/span>de <\/span>su <\/span>legitimidad <\/span>regional. <\/span>En <\/span>las <\/span>\u00faltimas <\/span>d\u00e9cadas, <\/span>particularmente <\/span>desde <\/span>las <\/span>Primaveras <\/span>\u00c1rabes, <\/span>Egipto <\/span>ha <\/span>transitado <\/span>por <\/span>una <\/span>inestabilidad <\/span>interna <\/span>marcada <\/span>por <\/span>la <\/span>ca\u00edda <\/span>de <\/span>gobiernos, <\/span>elecciones <\/span>fallidas <\/span>y <\/span>golpes <\/span>de <\/span>Estado.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uno <\/span>de <\/span>los <\/span>factores <\/span>m\u00e1s <\/span>estables <\/span>en <\/span>medio <\/span>de <\/span>este <\/span>escenario <\/span>vol\u00e1til <\/span>ha <\/span>sido <\/span>el <\/span>ej\u00e9rcito. <\/span>La <\/span>instituci\u00f3n <\/span>castrense <\/span>no <\/span>solo <\/span>sostiene <\/span>el <\/span>poder <\/span>en <\/span>t\u00e9rminos <\/span>reales, <\/span>sino <\/span>que <\/span>act\u00faa <\/span>como <\/span>garante <\/span>del <\/span>orden <\/span>frente <\/span>a <\/span>las <\/span>amenazas <\/span>del <\/span>islamismo <\/span>pol\u00edtico. <\/span>El <\/span>caso <\/span>de <\/span>Mohamed <\/span>Mursi <\/span>es <\/span>ilustrativo: <\/span>elegido <\/span>democr\u00e1ticamente <\/span>en <\/span>2012, <\/span>fue <\/span>derrocado <\/span>un <\/span>a\u00f1o <\/span>m\u00e1s <\/span>tarde <\/span>por <\/span>desafiar <\/span>el <\/span>peso <\/span>del <\/span>estamento <\/span>militar. <\/span>La <\/span>legitimidad <\/span>electoral, <\/span>en <\/span>ese <\/span>contexto, <\/span>result\u00f3 <\/span>insuficiente <\/span>frente <\/span>a <\/span>la <\/span>necesidad <\/span>de <\/span>control <\/span>y <\/span>cohesi\u00f3n <\/span>institucional.<\/span><\/p>\n

En <\/span>el <\/span>plano <\/span>internacional, <\/span>El <\/span>Cairo <\/span>mantiene <\/span>v\u00ednculos <\/span>estrechos <\/span>con <\/span>Estados <\/span>Unidos <\/span>e <\/span>Israel. <\/span>No <\/span>es <\/span>casual <\/span>que, <\/span>una <\/span>y <\/span>otra <\/span>vez, <\/span>se <\/span>le <\/span>convoque <\/span>como <\/span>mediador <\/span>en <\/span>las <\/span>treguas <\/span>entre <\/span>Ham\u00e1s <\/span>e <\/span>Israel. <\/span>Sin <\/span>embargo, <\/span>esa <\/span>vocaci\u00f3n <\/span>de <\/span>interlocutor <\/span>neutral <\/span>convive <\/span>con <\/span>una <\/span>dura <\/span>pol\u00edtica <\/span>de <\/span>seguridad <\/span>interna <\/span>que <\/span>incluye <\/span>la <\/span>represi\u00f3n <\/span>a <\/span>los <\/span>Hermanos <\/span>Musulmanes <\/span>y <\/span>la <\/span>vigilancia <\/span>de <\/span>las <\/span>fronteras <\/span>con <\/span>la <\/span>Franja <\/span>de <\/span>Gaza.<\/span><\/p>\n

Es <\/span>precisamente <\/span>en <\/span>su <\/span>v\u00ednculo <\/span>con <\/span>Gaza <\/span>donde <\/span>Egipto <\/span>evidencia <\/span>su <\/span>faceta <\/span>m\u00e1s <\/span>contradictoria. <\/span>Si <\/span>bien <\/span>colabora <\/span>con <\/span>Israel <\/span>en <\/span>la <\/span>vigilancia <\/span>del <\/span>Sina\u00ed, <\/span>tambi\u00e9n <\/span>ha <\/span>tolerado \u2014<\/span>intencionadamente <\/span>o <\/span>no\u2014 <\/span>el <\/span>contrabando <\/span>de <\/span>armas <\/span>hacia <\/span>el <\/span>enclave <\/span>palestino. <\/span>Al <\/span>mismo <\/span>tiempo, <\/span>ha <\/span>erigido <\/span>muros <\/span>y <\/span>reforzado <\/span>su <\/span>frontera <\/span>para <\/span>impedir <\/span>el <\/span>paso <\/span>de <\/span>refugiados, <\/span>temiendo <\/span>una <\/span>presi\u00f3n <\/span>demogr\u00e1fica <\/span>que <\/span>no <\/span>pueda <\/span>revertirse. <\/span>El <\/span>resultado <\/span>es <\/span>una <\/span>postura <\/span>ambivalente <\/span>que <\/span>combina <\/span>cooperaci\u00f3n <\/span>t\u00e1ctica <\/span>y <\/span>contenci\u00f3n <\/span>humanitaria.<\/span><\/p>\n

Finalmente, <\/span>el <\/span>an\u00e1lisis <\/span>de <\/span>Bryan <\/span>Acu\u00f1a <\/span>apunta <\/span>a <\/span>una <\/span>reflexi\u00f3n <\/span>m\u00e1s <\/span>amplia <\/span>sobre <\/span>el <\/span>valor <\/span>y <\/span>los <\/span>l\u00edmites <\/span>de <\/span>la <\/span>democracia <\/span>en <\/span>la <\/span>regi\u00f3n. <\/span>La <\/span>llegada <\/span>al <\/span>poder <\/span>de <\/span>movimientos <\/span>autoritarios <\/span>mediante <\/span>elecciones <\/span>no <\/span>garantiza <\/span>sistemas <\/span>democr\u00e1ticos <\/span>funcionales. <\/span>En <\/span>Medio <\/span>Oriente, <\/span>la <\/span>estabilidad \u2014<\/span>aunque <\/span>venga <\/span>de <\/span>la <\/span>mano <\/span>del <\/span>autoritarismo\u2014 <\/span>suele <\/span>pesar <\/span>m\u00e1s <\/span>que <\/span>la <\/span>pureza <\/span>de <\/span>los <\/span>procedimientos <\/span>democr\u00e1ticos. <\/span>En <\/span>ese <\/span>equilibrio <\/span>inc\u00f3modo <\/span>entre <\/span>orden <\/span>y <\/span>representaci\u00f3n, <\/span>Egipto <\/span>sigue <\/span>siendo <\/span>un <\/span>actor <\/span>clave, <\/span>aunque <\/span>impredecible.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Desde que Egipto se convirti\u00f3 en el primer pa\u00eds \u00e1rabe en firmar un tratado de paz con Israel en 1979, su rol en Medio Oriente ha sido tan estrat\u00e9gico como ambiguo. El costo pol\u00edtico de aquella decisi\u00f3n fue alto: el aislamiento en el mundo \u00e1rabe, el asesinato de Anwar el-Sadat y un largo per\u00edodo de reconstrucci\u00f3n de su legitimidad regional. En las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas, particularmente desde las Primaveras \u00c1rabes, Egipto ha transitado por una inestabilidad interna marcada por la ca\u00edda de gobiernos, elecciones fallidas y golpes de Estado. Uno de los factores m\u00e1s estables en medio de este escenario vol\u00e1til ha sido el ej\u00e9rcito. La instituci\u00f3n castrense no solo sostiene el poder en t\u00e9rminos reales, sino que act\u00faa como garante del orden frente a las amenazas del islamismo pol\u00edtico. El caso de Mohamed Mursi es ilustrativo: elegido democr\u00e1ticamente en 2012, fue derrocado un a\u00f1o m\u00e1s tarde por desafiar el peso del estamento militar. La legitimidad electoral, en ese contexto, result\u00f3 insuficiente frente a la necesidad de control y cohesi\u00f3n institucional. En el plano internacional, El Cairo mantiene v\u00ednculos estrechos con Estados Unidos e Israel. No es casual que, una y otra vez, se le convoque como mediador en las treguas …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":183848,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"video","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[81],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-184455","post","type-post","status-publish","format-video","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-columnistas","post_format-post-format-video"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiojai.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184455","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiojai.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiojai.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiojai.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiojai.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=184455"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiojai.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/184455\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiojai.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/183848"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.radiojai.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=184455"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiojai.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=184455"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.radiojai.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=184455"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}